SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Tonini, Axel; Matus, Silvia Saravia; Gomez y Paloma, Sergio.

This paper computes and analyses total factor productivity (TFP) growth rates for tropical agricultural systems in Central-Western Africa and South-East Asia. Two regions that despite sharing common agro-ecological conditions, have pursued different adoption rates of green revolution technology and have reported dissimilar yields per hectare. A panel data set is constructed for the period 1987-2007 from the FAOSTAT database. A Bayesian stochastic frontier model with country specific temporal variation in technical efficiency is estimated. Technical efficiency estimates reveal that there is substantial room for improvement in both continental sub-sets and that TFP estimates show on average larger rates of growth for South-East Asian countries as compared to...

A contribuição de P&D Agropecuário para Convergência e Crescimento da Renda Agropecuária no Brasil

Palavras-chave: Bayesian Inference; Stochastic Production Frontier; Time Varying Technical Inefficiency; Total Factor Productivity Growth; Tropical Agricultural Systems; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; C15; D24; O47.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116088

Barreto, Ricardo Candéa Sá; Almeida, Eduardo Simões de.

Este artigo estuda o crescimento econômico e a convergência de renda Agropecuária dos estados Brasileiros de 1986 a 2004. Para este fim, utiliza-se um modelo econométrico de efeitos fixos, controlando-se a dependência espacial. Além de comprovar convergência condicional, o modelo econométrico revelou que o crescimento do PIB per capita agropecuário foi afetado por variáveis como capital físico agropecuário, infra-estrutura telefônica, infra-estrutura de armazenagem, crédito rural, número de trabalhadores rurais, e por externalidades espaciais. Além disso, ficou evidenciada a importância de P & D agropecuário para o crescimento e convergência de renda per capita no setor agropecuário e ainda a geração de externalidades espaciais...

A Reappraisal of the Role of Agriculture in Economic Growth in Melanesian Countries

Palavras-chave: Convergência de renda agropecuária; Nova geografia econômica; Modelo de efeitos fixos com dependência espacial; Income convergence; New economic geography; Fixed effect model with spatial dependence; Agricultural Finance; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O18; O47; R11; R23.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108170

Fleming, Euan M.; Fleming, Pauline.

Fortunes in the agricultural sectors of four of the largest South Pacific countries are traced in recent decades by estimating the single factoral terms of trade index. The single factoral terms of trade are measured for agriculture in four Melanesian countries-Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu-over the period, 1970 to 2002. This index provides a useful method to assess changes in returns to factors employed in agricultural production in these countries. Except in Solomon Islands, farmers experienced a deteriorating index, indicating that they have reaped progressively lower returns to their resources. In Solomon Islands, returns to resources are shown to have increased slightly. A sustained contribution by the agricultural sector to...

Aggregate and Farm-level Productivity Growth in Tobacco: Before and After the Quota Buyout

Palavras-chave: Factoral terms of trade; Melanesia; Smallholders; Total factor productivity; International Development; D24; O12; O47; Q17.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25715

Kirwan, Barrett E.; White, T. Kirk; Uchida, Shinsuke.

We examine the distortionary effects of agricultural policy on farm productivity by examining the response of U.S. tobacco farmers' productivity to the quota buyout of 2004. We isolate the impact of distortionary policy, i.e., the tobacco quota, by decomposing aggregate productivity growth into the contribution of farm-level productivity growth and the contribution of reallocation of resources among tobacco growers. Reallocation of resources includes entry into and exit from tobacco farming, as well as growth or decline of the resources allocated to existing tobacco farms. We find that aggregate productivity of Kentucky tobacco farms grew 37% between 2002 and 2007. Reallocation of resources among continuing tobacco farms contributed 22 percentage points...

Agricultural Productivity Convergence: Myth or Reality?

Palavras-chave: Tobacco; Quotas; Aggregate Productivity Growth; Re-allocation; Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; E32; L6; O47.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56353

Poudel, Biswo N.; Paudel, Krishna P.; Zilberman, David.

We tested agricultural productivity convergence in the United States using the state level total factor productivity data and utilizing new estimation and cluster identification methods to identify convergence in the data. The empirical investigation did not indicate any evidence of agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) convergence at the state level. However, we found the evidence of TFP convergence at the regional level for some regions/clusters.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural total factor productivity; Convergence; Human capital; U.S. states; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Q10; O47.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100654

Agriculture and Rural Economic Growth

Deller, Steven C.; Gould, Brian W.; Jones, Bruce L..

The role of farm dependence and size on rural economic growth is examined with data from 2,240 nonmetropolitan U.S. counties for the period 1990-1995. A simple neoclassical model of regional economic growth is set forth with a central question relating to the role of agriculture on rural economic convergence. Traditional neoclassical theory predicts that poor rural areas should grow proportionally faster than rich areas. As interpreted in the academic literature and popular press, a preponderance of small family farms should enhance growth. Results suggest that a higher level of local dependence on production agriculture could lower growth rates.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Economic growth; Production agriculture; Rural development; O47; Q18; R11.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43153

Analisis Malmquist y DEA intertermporal de las agriculturas de la Union Europea

Aldaz, Natalia; Millan, Joaquin A..

En este trabajo se realiza un análisis comparado de dos métodos no paramétricos de medida de productividad total de los factores con datos de panel basados en programación: índices de Malmquist y un modelo DEA intertemporal que permite acotar las medidas de eficiencia y progreso técnico, suponiendo cambio técnico no regresivo. La aplicación se realiza sobre las agriculturas de los países de la Unión Europea, encontrándose algunas diferencias importantes entre ambos enfoques. Los resultados sugieren menor crecimiento de productividad agraria y, sobre todo, una ordenación distinta de países en relación con dichos crecimientos que los encontrados en otros trabajos. Palabras clave: Productividad, DEA, Agricultura, Europa, Datos de panel. SUMMARY This paper...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Productivity; DEA; Agriculture; Europe; Panel data; Agricultural and Food Policy; D24; O47; Q10.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28796

Business Establishment Growth in the Appalachian Region, 2000-2007: An Application of Smooth Transition Spatial Process Models

Xu, Wan; Lambert, Dayton M..

Business establishment growth in the Appalachian region (2000–2007) was regressed on industry sector composition controlling for demographic, physical, and economic determinants. We test the hypothesis that local response to growth determinants is geographically heterogeneous using Smooth Transition spatial process models. This class of models exhibiting endogenous regime switching behavior provides another tool for exploring the spatially heterogeneous effects of local determinants on economic growth.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Appalachia; Business establishment growth; Smooth transition models; Spatial processes; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C21; C51; O47; R11.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113517

Capital Use Intensity and Productivity Biases

Andersen, Matthew A.; Alston, Julian M.; Pardey, Philip G..

This is a substantially revised version of “Capital Use Intensity and Productivity Biases.” Andersen, Matt A.; Alston, Julian M.; Pardey, Philip G., St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, Department of Applied Economics; University of Minnesota, International Science and Technology Practice and Policy (InSTePP), 2007. (Staff paper P07-06; InSTePP paper 07-02)

China's Capital and Productivity Measurement Using Financial Resources

Palavras-chave: U.S. agriculture; Pro-cyclical productivity; Capital utilization; Primal productivity bias; Productivity Analysis; D24; C51; Q1; O4; O47.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93143

Li, Kui-Wai.

This paper constructs China's capital stock, which is used in conjunction with a labor variable to estimate a Cobb-Douglas production function for the Chinese economy. Two panels of data are used one for capital formation and one for sources of investment finance. Both national and provincial data are used for these two panels, thus giving a total of four capital-stock series. The Cobb-Douglas estimates show that China's total factor productivity was about 3.4 percent in the post-reform years. Productivity of coastal provinces is higher than inner provinces. Among the various sources of investment finance, foreign direct investment is more efficient than state-funded capital stock.

Chinese Manufacturing Performance in Comparative Perspective, 1980-2002

Palavras-chave: China economic reform; Provincial growth and productivity; Financial resources; Financial Economics; O47.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28469

Szirmai, Adam; Ren, Ruoen; Bai, Manyin.

This paper uses the detailed information in the 1995 Census of Industrial Production as a benchmark for analysing the coverage, concepts and consistency of published statistical series. On the basis of the analysis, the paper proposes a series of adjustments which result in more consistent long-run series of labour productivity for 21 manufacturing sectors from 1980-2002. For purposes of international comparisons with the USA, the paper subsequently presents industry of origin unit value ratios for the benchmark year 1995. These are used to convert Chinese value added into US dollars. In 2002, value added for the statistically well-covered sectors of Chinese manufacturing was 43 per cent of US value added, against 12 per cent in 1980. The comparative...

Convergence in Agriculture: Evidence from the European Regions

Palavras-chave: China; Manufacturing; Productivity growth; Catch up; Unit value ratios; International comparisons; Industrial Organization; O14; O40; O47.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28525

Corruption, Development and the Curse of Natural Resources

Alexiadis, Stilianos.

Although there have been numerous studies on regional convergence, agriculture has received far less attention. In this study, the intention is to augment the existing literature by testing for convergence in agricultural productivity among the EU-26 regions. A low rate of absolute convergence is estimated over the period 1995-2004 whilst evidence of club convergence is apparent.

Tipo: Article

Palavras-chave: Absolute and Club Convergence; Agriculture; European Union Regions; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q10; O47; C2.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118866

Pendergast, Shannon M.; Clarke, Judith A.; van Kooten, G. Cornelis.

In 1995, Jeffrey Sachs and Andrew Warner found a negative relationship between natural resources and economic growth, and claimed that natural resources are a curse. Their work has been widely cited, with many economists now accepting the curse of natural resources as a welldocumented explanation of poor economic growth in some economies (e.g., Papyrakis and Gerlagh, 2004; Kronenberg, 2004). In this paper, we provide an alternative econometric framework for evaluating this claim, although we begin with a discussion of possible explanations for the curse and a critical assessment of the extant theory underlying the curse. Our approach is to identify natural resources that have the greatest rents and potential for exploitation through rent-seeking agents....

Development Accounting with Intermediate Goods

Palavras-chave: Natural resource curse; Petroleum resources; Unbalanced panels and GMM estimation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O12; Q32; Q34; O43; O47.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37913

Disaggregate Productivity Growth in Livestock Production: A Directional Malmquist Index Approach

Grobovsek, Jan.

Do intermediate goods help explain relative and aggregate productivity differences across countries? Three observations suggest they do: (i) intermediates are relatively expensive in poor countries; (ii) goods industries demand intermediates more intensively than service industries; (iii) goods industries are more prominent intermediate suppliers in poor countries. I build a standard multisector growth model accommodating these features to show that inefficient intermediate production strongly depresses aggregate productivity and increases the price ratio of final goods to services. Applying the model to data for middle and high income countries, I find that poorer countries are only modestly less efficient at producing goods than services, but...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Development Accounting; Productivity; Intermediate Goods; Production Economics; O10; O41; O47.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119112

Ludena, Carlos E.; Hertel, Thomas W.; Preckel, Paul V.; Foster, Kenneth A.; Nin Pratt, Alejandro.

Limited data on the allocation of inputs to different activities has limited agricultural economists' attempts to measure sub-sector productivity growth in agriculture. However, recent developments have enabled us to estimate total factor productivity (TFP) growth for crops and livestock accounting for input-output allocation. This paper extends previous work on TFP measurement for livestock into ruminants and non-ruminant productivity measurement, given the differences in productivity growth rates among these species. The results show that the non-ruminant sector is more dynamic than the ruminant sector, driving most of the productivity growth within the livestock sector. Given the rapid rates of productivity growth observed recently, non-ruminant...

Factor-Augmenting Technical Change: An Empirical Assessment

Palavras-chave: Total factor productivity; Malmquist index; Livestock; Ruminants; Non-ruminants; Productivity Analysis; O47; O57; Q16.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19395

De Cian, Enrica.

Starting from a system of factor demands, an empirical model that allows estimating factor-augmenting technical change is derived. Factor-augmenting technical change is defined as the improvement in factor productivities that can occur either exogenously or endogenously, with changes in other macroeconomic variables. This paper provides additional estimates for the substitution possibilities among inputs and it offers new empirical evidence on the direction and sources of factor-augmenting technical change, an issue that has not yet been explored by the empirical literature on growth determinants. The empirical findings suggest that technical change is directed. Technical change tends to be more energy-saving than capital- and labour-saving. Both R&D...

Impact of Income on Calorie and Nutrient Intakes: A Cross-Country Analysis

Palavras-chave: Factor-Augmenting Technical Change; Technology Spillovers; Panel Data; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C3; O47; Q55; Q56.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50403

Salois, Matthew J.; Tiffin, J. Richard; Balcombe, Kelvin George.

The relationship between income and nutrient intake is explored. Nonparametric, panel, and quantile regressions are used. Engle curves for calories, fat, and protein are approximately linear in logs with carbohydrate intakes exhibiting diminishing elasticities as incomes increase. Elasticities range from 0.10 to 0.25, with fat having the highest elasticities. Countries in higher quantiles have lower elasticities than those in lower quantiles. Results predict significant cumulative increases in calorie consumption which are increasingly composed of fats. Though policies aimed at poverty alleviation and economic growth may assuage hunger and malnutrition, they may also exacerbate problems associated with obesity.

Incorporating environmental impacts into value added from organic and conventional farming

Palavras-chave: Calorie and nutrient consumption; Food and nutrition policy; Income elasticities; Nonparametric; Panel; Quantile regression.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C11; C14; C21; C23; O10; O47; Q18.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103647

Huhtala, Anni; Marklund, Per-Olov.

Replaced with revised version of paper 07/16/05.

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND NEW ZEALAND'S PRODUCTIVITY MALAISE: AN INDUSTRY-LEVEL STUDY

Palavras-chave: National income accounting; Environmental performance; Technology choices; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; O47; Q18; Q25.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19259

Engelbrecht, Hans-Jurgen; Xayavong, Vilaphonh.

This paper examines the link between information and communication technology (ICT) and New Zealand's labour productivity (LP) growth in 29 industries over the period 1988-2003, and over relevant sub-periods. After deriving an ICT intensity index in order to classify industries into 'more ICT intensive' and 'less ICT intensive', we compare LP growth rates for these two industry groupings. Further, we employ dummy variable regression models, including difference-in-difference models, to more formally test the relationship between ICT intensity and LP growth. The results prove to be sensitive to the time period specified. When breaks in the data series are taken into account, there seems to be support for the view that LP growth of more ICT intensive...

Input, Output Technical Efficiencies and Total Factor Productivity of Cereal Production in Tunisia

Palavras-chave: Information and Communication Technology; Labour Productivity Growth; ICT Intensive Industries; New Zealand.; Productivity Analysis; O47; O50.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23698